Cellulose has physical and chemical properties that make it difficult to access and difficult to break down. Frances Arnold Read Quote
The DNA-encoded catalytic machinery of the cell can rapidly learn to promote new chemical reactions when we provide new reagents and the appropriate incentive in the form of artificial selection. Frances Arnold Read Quote
Using the power of protein engineering and evolution, we can convince enzymes to take what they do poorly and do it really well. Frances Arnold Read Quote
Silicon is all around but it’s tied up in rocks… with these very strong silicon-oxygen bonds that living systems would have to break in order to use silicon. Frances Arnold Read Quote
I’d like to see what fraction of things that chemists have figured out we could actually teach nature to do. Then we really could replace chemical factories with bacteria. Frances Arnold Read Quote
The real frontier is making these hybrid systems where you expand the capabilities of biology with chemistry. Frances Arnold Read Quote
We’re seeing a move toward making things that either chemistry cannot make or can’t make efficiently but biology does. Frances Arnold Read Quote
